Final Quiz question

Question 1

At the time Europeans arrived in North America, Indians:

 tended to worship spirits in their natural surroundings  

 had largely died off from contagious diseases  

 all spoke dialects of the same language  

 fed themselves exclusively through farming  

 were producing tools and weapons of iron  

Question 2

In most cases, Spanish explorers and soldiers who came to the New World were motivated by all of the following EXCEPT:

 pursuit of riches  

 desire to serve their fellow man  

 religious zeal  

 desire for power  

 patriotism  

Question 3

The Protestant Reformation in England:

 occurred prior to the Reformation in Germany  

 was led by John Calvin  

 occurred more for political reasons than because of disagreement about religious doctrine  

 led to the overthrow of Henry VIII  

 was almost undone when Elizabeth tried to reimpose Catholicism  

Question 4

The primary objective of the thousands of priests in New Spain was to:

 convert the Indians  

 bless marriages  

 educate Spanish colonists  

 serve as government officials  

 establish towns  

Question 5

After the arrival of Europeans, the greatest number of Indians died as a result of:

 enslavement  

 depression  

 disease  

 starvation  

 battle  

Question 6

The Spanish Empire began a precipitous decline because:

 the Roman Catholic Church required the nation to adhere to a vow of poverty  

 it focused on the well-being of natives  

 it could never compete militarily with England  

 its citizens failed to pay taxes  

 it became overly dependent on extraction of wealth  

Question 7

The stockholders who invested in the Virginia Company were motivated primarily by:

 financial profit  

 personal loyalty to James I  

 religion  

 a spirit of adventure  

 curiosity about the New World  

Question 8

The Jamestown colony finally attained a measure of prosperity from:

 tobacco  

 land sales  

 trade with Spanish Florida  

 trade with Indians  

 gold discoveries  

Question 9

The headright system adopted for the Virginia colony consisted of:

 giving fifty acres of land to anyone who would transport himself to the colony and fifty more for any servants he might bring  

 auctioning black slaves to settlers  

 giving free land in return for five years of military service  

 giving free land to all servants who came to the colony  

 “selling” wives to single male settlers  

Question 10

Bacon’s Rebellion:

 brought indentured servants and small farmers together against the colony’s rich planters and political leaders  

 had the support of nearby Indian tribes  

 resulted from changes in the Fundamental Constitutions of Carolina that discriminated against Puritans  

 sought to make Virginia independent of England  

 forced Governor Berkeley to abandon the colony and return to England  

Question 11

The English Civil War affected the American colonies by:

 requiring Puritanism to be adopted in every colony  

 permitting the colonies to essentially govern themselves  

 placing members of Oliver Cromwell’s family as colonial governors  

 devastating the Native American culture in New England  

 allowing them to pledge their loyalty to Spain during the crisis  

Question 12

By the early eighteenth century, the English colonies in North America:

 had eliminated their French and Spanish rivals  

 were the most populous and prosperous on the continent  

 were on the verge of independence from England  

 extended beyond the Appalachians  

 remained tiny outposts of civilization  

Question 13

Benjamin Franklin believed a major reason for colonial population growth was:

 English immunity to contagious diseases  

 government bounties for large families  

 couples marrying later than in Europe  

 an abundance of cheap land  

 rapid advances in medical science  

Question 14

In the seventeenth century, the cash crop that was the basis of the economy in Virginia and Maryland was:

 indigo  

 barley  

 tobacco  

 rice  

 cotton  

Question 15

The success of rice as a perfect crop for South Carolina was helped by:

 the minimal amount of labor it required  

 the creation of irrigation systems that allowed laborers to flood and drain the fields  

 plentiful labor and land in the colony  

 the native population’s willingness to work in the fields  

 the lack of rain in the region  

Question 16

Which of the following spurred shipbuilding in New England?

 the need for transporting southern cotton  

 the abundance of fish and whales off its coast  

 the region’s extensive forests  

 the growing American navy  

 southern purchases of New England–made ships  

Question 17

Enlightenment thinkers such as Isaac Newton stressed the:

 ability of reason to discover the laws of the universe  

 presence of God in nature  

 virtue of divine right monarchy  

 superiority of art over science  

 value of traditional religion  

Question 18

The Great Awakening developed in reaction to the:

 Deism and skepticism associated with the Enlightenment  

 tendency of the Enlightenment to place great emphasis on formal religion  

 increasing role of emotionalism in religion  

 increasing education and sophistication of backwoods settlers  

 attempt of British officials to regulate colonial churches  

Question 19

The Navigation Act of 1651:

 was a free trade agreement between England and Holland  

 was mainly an attempt to wrest the colonial trade from the French  

 was repealed once Cromwell came to power  

 required all goods imported into Britain or the colonies to be shipped in British vessels  

 was contrary to mercantilist principles  

Question 20

One change brought to the American colonies after the Glorious Revolution was that the:

 monarchy attempted to tighten its grip on the colonies by making more of them royal colonies  

 colonies were inspired to lead a revolt against King William  

 new monarch showed little interest in the colonies because of his desire to force the French out of North America  

 Crown paid for more people to migrate to the colonies  

 concept of the Dominion of New England was extended to the southern colonies  

Question 21

John Locke’s contract theory of government argued that:

 governments were formed when strong men seized authority as kings to protect natural rights  

 government’s chief duty is to wage war against other nations  

 men have certain rights in the state of nature, including the right to life, liberty, and property  

 kings have a divine right to rule their subjects as long as their subjects prosper  

 the only legitimate governments are ones that allow all adults, regardless of sex and race, to vote  

Question 22

The triumph of what Britain called the Great War saw Americans:

 celebrating as joyously as Londoners  

 turn their anger on the king  

 compassionate toward the French  

 jealous of British military power  

 very nervous about their own future  

Question 23

The 1765 Stamp Act:

 raised a lot of money for the Crown  

 was approved by the colonial assemblies  

 soothed American fears of standing armies  

 required revenue stamps on legal and commercial documents  

 directly affected only a few Americans  

Question 24

All of the following are true of Thomas Jefferson’s Declaration of Independence EXCEPT:

 it took many ideas from George Mason and John Locke  

 it was meant as a statement of American principles and grievances  

 it spoke of certain “unalienable rights”  

 it secured American independence  

 it was revised by other members of the Congress  

Question 25

Thomas Paine’s The American Crisis:

 blamed Congress for the army’s defeats  

 urged Congress to make Washington a temporary dictator  

 supplied Washington with battle plans  

 stated the impossibility of beating the British  

 bolstered American morale  

Question 26

In late December 1776, George Washington was able to reverse American fortunes by:

 winning battles at Trenton and Princeton  

 recapturing New York City from the British  

 destroying a British force outside of Boston  

 getting France and Spain to enter the conflict  

 convincing Congress to give the army all the resources it needed  

Question 27

The American victory at Saratoga resulted in:

 a huge increase in the size of the Continental army  

 a new invasion of Canada  

 serious peace negotiations with the British  

 France’s entry on the American side  

 Dutch entry on the American side  

Question 28

The war in the South was characterized by:

 an unbroken series of British victories  

 conventional military tactics  

 massive use of slave soldiers by the Americans  

 killing of prisoners by both sides  

 massive civilian casualties  

Question 29

The news of Yorktown inspired the British to:

 replace their commanders  

 end the war  

 sign a peace treaty with France  

 replace George III  

 recruit more soldiers  

Question 30

With the end of the war, many Americans viewed the United States as a:

 future imperial power  

 nation with a special destiny  

 North American extension of Europe  

 temporary expedient until it could reunite with Britain  

 leader in science and technological innovation  

Question 31

Which one of the following gave the Confederation government the most trouble?

 Indian affairs  

 postal service  

 land policy  

 finances  

 immigration policy  

Question 32

After Shays’s Rebellion:

 there were numerous calls promoting a stronger central government  

 taxes were increased  

 farmers throughout America were watched by local safety committees  

 Massachusetts was governed by martial law  

 England prepared for the possibility of resuming the war  

Question 33

Madison’s Virginia Plan:

 would create a president for life  

 was most favored by the small states  

 would abolish the state governments  

 would simply amend the Articles of Confederation  

 would create a two-house Congress  

Question 34

The Constitution addressed slavery by:

 referring numerous times to “slaves” or “slavery”  

 making it legal in every state  

 requiring that all slaves count toward a state’s congressional representation  

 counting slaves as three fifths of a person for the purposes of apportionment  

 requiring that slaves have full legal protections  

Question 35

Alexander Hamilton’s basic vision of America was to make it:

 a mighty empire like ancient Rome  

 a vibrant capitalist power  

 a democratic model for the world  

 an example of racial tolerance and diversity  

 committed to limited government and social equality  

Question 36

The emergence of political parties:

 resulted from a division between monarchists and republicans  

 was anticipated by the writers of the Constitution  

 brought the United States to the brink of civil war  

 reflected basic philosophical differences between Jefferson and Hamilton  

 was strongly encouraged by President Washington  

Question 37

Between 1800 and 1840, the nation’s most dramatic population expansion occurred:

 west of the Appalachians  

 beyond the Mississippi  

 in the Deep South  

 in New England  

 in Atlantic seaports  

Question 38

Thomas Jefferson believed that a large federal debt would:

 help bankers and investors in the United States make money from the federal government  

 be a national “blessing”  

 mean high taxes and public corruption  

 cause another revolution  

 be easily paid off in fifty years  

Question 39

The Leopard’s attack upon the Chesapeake:

 created war fever in the United States  

 brought an official British apology  

 ended the British practice of impressment  

 resulted in an American victory  

 occurred on the Great Lakes  

Question 40

The Hartford Convention illustrated deep opposition to the war in:

 New York  

 New England  

 the West  

 the South  

 Congress  

Question 41

At the Hartford Convention, delegates:

 denounced New England merchants who had traded with the British during the war  

 voted to join the Republican party  

 voted to secede from the Union  

 proposed a series of constitutional amendments to limit Republican influence in government  

 offered generous peace terms to the British  

Question 42

The War of 1812:

 was the deadliest in U.S. history  

 gave the United States its first colonies  

 made the United States a world power  

 generated intense patriotic pride  

 strengthened the Federalists  

Question 43

The Erie Canal did all of the following EXCEPT:

 bankrupt New York State with its huge cost  

 increase shipping through the port of New York  

 inspire more canal construction  

 dramatically reduce freight rates  

 stretch from Albany to Buffalo  

Question 44

The cotton gin’s invention:

 meant that fewer slaves were needed  

 caused slavery to spread to Ohio and Illinois  

 increased imports from Britain  

 made cotton a major export item  

 spurred immigration to the South  

Question 45

Cyrus McCormick’s grain reapers:

 were manufactured at his factory in Chicago  

 were powered by gasoline engines  

 had to be assembled by farmers  

 guaranteed that farmers would be successful  

 transformed the economy of the South  

Question 46

Samuel Slater’s contribution to the economy was that he:

 opened a successful textile mill in Rhode Island  

 started the Industrial Revolution in England before he moved to the United States  

 convinced President Jefferson of the benefits of manufacturing  

 invented the steam engine  

 was the first to employ child labor  

Question 47

Jefferson’s embargo in 1807 and the War of 1812:

 restricted exports and thereby hurt the growth of American manufacturing  

 encouraged Americans to live more simply because consumer goods were scarce  

 had little effect on the growth of textile manufacturing in America  

 almost destroyed American manufacturing  

 encouraged rapid growth in American manufacturing  

Question 48

The first American factories produced:

 glass products  

 cotton textiles  

 muskets  

 leather goods  

 tobacco products  

Question 49

The chief advocate for the program for economic development called the American System was:

 Daniel Webster  

 Henry Clay  

 James Monroe  

 John Calhoun  

 James Madison  

Question 50

The American System included support for all of the following policies EXCEPT:

 internal improvements  

 a national bank  

 free public schools  

 high tariffs  

 high prices for western lands  

Question 51

The Missouri Compromise stipulated that in the rest of the Louisiana Purchase north of 36°30´:

 free blacks could not become citizens  

 slaves would become free at age 25  

 there would be no restrictions on slavery  

 slavery would be excluded  

 majority rule would determine whether slavery would be legal  

Question 52

The “corrupt bargain” in the election of 1824 referred to:

 Jackson’s promise to make Calhoun his vice president  

 the widespread purchase of votes in several states  

 Jackson’s belief that the Constitution had been disregarded  

 the belief that Clay supported Adams in return for becoming secretary of state  

 the blatant miscounting of ballots in the Electoral College  

Question 53

The Tariff of 1828:

 boosted the presidential hopes of Jackson  

 caused the breakup of the Republican party  

 was once again opposed by Daniel Webster  

 lowered tariffs dramatically over President Adams’s objections  

 showed Calhoun’s continued devotion to nationalism  

Question 54

Alexis de Tocqueville, a Frenchman traveling through the United States in the 1830s, claimed that “the only pleasure an American knows” was:

 business  

 politics  

 money  

 boxing  

 alcohol  

Question 55

In this new political era, Jackson had a tremendous advantage because of his:

 clear stance on the issues  

 eloquence as a speaker  

 aristocratic manners  

 patriotism  

 rise from common origins  

Question 56

Which of the following statements about the growth of democracy during the Jacksonian era is true?

 Women were commonly voting in state and local elections, but not yet in national races.  

 Politics was no longer the realm of the prominent and wealthy.  

 While Jackson touted democratic gains, the reality was greater restriction.  

 Land ownership guaranteed a person’s right to political participation.  

 Race had less meaning as a national voting qualification than it had during Jefferson’s time.  

Question 57

President Jackson’s policy toward Indians could best be described as one of:

 integration  

 salutary neglect  

 paternalism  

 removal  

 extermination  

Question 58

The Indian Removal Act of 1830:

 proposed moving Indian tribes to areas west of the Mississippi River  

 became law after Congress overrode Jackson’s veto  

 showed Jackson’s willingness to pursue policies that might hurt his popularity  

 contained loopholes designed to exclude peaceful Indians from removal  

 allowed Indians who wished to become American citizens to remain on their homeland  

Question 59

Jackson viewed the Bank of the United States as:

 necessary for issuing paper money that stabilized the economy  

 justified by the “necessary and proper” clause of the Constitution  

 a source of national unity because it served the whole country  

 a valued source of credit for small farmers  

 a “monster” that served the interests of a wealthy few  

Question 60

One undebatable fact about the Jacksonian era is:

 Jackson’s place as one of the greatest presidents in American history  

 Jackson’s sincere commitment to equality for all Americans  

 the degree that common men lessened the power of elites  

 the dramatic increase in voter participation by 1840  

 the wisdom of Jackson’s destruction of the “monster” bank  

Question 61

1 / 1 pts

The development of southern industry:

 turned the North into a colonial dependency of the more developed South  

 was the only sector of the southern economy that did not rely on slaves  

 lagged behind the North  

 was more significant than agriculture to the southern economy  

 was nonexistent before the Civil War  

Question 62

1 / 1 pts

By 1860, slavery was most concentrated:

 in Texas and Louisiana  

 equally through the South  

 in the Upper South  

 in the Carolinas  

 in the Lower South  

Question 63

1 / 1 pts

The rapid expansion of the cotton belt in the South:

 reduced the significance of slavery  

 increased the responsibilities of field work for the plantation mistress  

 eliminated the presence of all other staple crops throughout the region  

 ensured that the region became more dependent on enslaved black workers  

 spurred a rise in the number of enslaved blacks given their freedom  

Question 64

1 / 1 pts

The rules that governed virtually every aspect of slave life were known as:

 a slave code  

 total control  

 paternalism  

 civil law  

 slaveocracy  

Question 65

1 / 1 pts

During the nineteenth century, major slave rebellions:

 were sometimes joined by poor whites  

 had about even odds of success  

 occurred frequently  

 happened most often in the Lower South  

 were rare  

Question 66

1 / 1 pts

A typical form of resistance pursued by slaves entailed:

 malingering, feigning illness, and sabotage  

 suicide  

 running away  

 outright rebellion  

 arson  

Question 67

1 / 1 pts

One significant factor that inspired the Second Great Awakening was:

 the decline of Baptists in the South  

 John Quincy Adams’s opposition to the “gag rule”  

 the growing distrust of religion among African Americans  

 Joseph Smith’s Book of Mormon  

 rising fears of secularism among many well-educated Americans  

Question 68

1 / 1 pts

Prison reformers of the early 1800s saw a major objective of the penitentiary as:

 patriotic indoctrination  

 rehabilitation  

 religious conversion  

 providing prisoners an education  

 corporal punishment  

Question 69

1 / 1 pts

The Seneca Falls Convention:

 celebrated the cult of domesticity  

 showed the mass appeal of temperance  

 reflected female dominance of the abolitionist movement  

 demanded equal rights for women  

 brought immediate improvements in women’s lives  

Question 70

1 / 1 pts

William Lloyd Garrison:

 organized an anti-slavery political party  

 used calm, moderate language to oppose slavery  

 caused the Nat Turner revolt  

 believed slaveholders should be paid to free their slaves  

 demanded immediate emancipation of slaves  

Question 71

1 / 1 pts

Frederick Douglass:

 was captured in the North and returned to slavery  

 wrote a famous account of his life as a slave  

 was the founder of the Underground Railroad  

 helped abolish slavery in the British West Indies  

 became a notable black preacher  

Question 72

1 / 1 pts

The killing of Elijah Lovejoy showed:

 the danger of encouraging slave rebellion  

 the growing support for black equality  

 the end of a free press  

 that support of slavery extended into the North  

 the violent tactics of abolitionists  

Question 73

1 / 1 pts

The idea of “manifest destiny” claimed that:

 immediate war against the British would revitalize the American state  

 slavery was the result of divine intervention  

 joint British-American occupation of North America would “civilize” the continent  

 men were destined to travel the high seas  

 American expansion westward across the continent was sanctioned by God  

Question 74

1 / 1 pts

Why was John Charles Frémont so influential in encouraging the mass migration of Americans to Oregon and California?

 He established the first sizable American settlement in California.  

 He was already a famous mountain man.  

 He had led the largest wagon train along the Oregon Trail.  

 He rescued the Donner party.  

 His reports of his western explorations gained wide circulation and became very popular.  

Question 75

1 / 1 pts

Why did the Anglo Texans rebel against the Mexican government?

 at the request of Spain, which was trying to regain control of Mexico  

 to honor their alliance with the Comanche Indians  

 their opposition to taxation without representation  

 to preempt Mexican plans to attack U.S. territories east of Texas  

 out of fear that the Mexican government intended to free their slaves  

Question 76

1 / 1 pts

The major factor that delayed Texas annexation until 1845 was:

 concern over Texas entering as a slave state  

 fear of a possible Mexican attack on the United States  

 Britain’s support for Texas independence  

 Calhoun’s incompetence as secretary of state  

 the desire of Texans to remain a republic  

Question 77

1 / 1 pts

Polk’s order that Zachary Taylor move his troops to the disputed territory north of the Rio Grande:

 won him political support in the North  

 provoked a Mexican attack  

 protected American settlers along the border  

 expressed his belief in manifest destiny  

 persuaded Mexico to sell California  

Question 78

1 / 1 pts

How did the Mexican-American War ultimately deepen sectional divisions in the United States?

 The new territories acquired fueled a violent debate over the extension of slavery into them.  

 Slavery was prohibited in all the territories acquired.  

 Slaves who fought in the war began rebelling for their freedom in the South.  

 Southern states refused to recognize the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo.  

 All the territories acquired were immediately opened to slavery.  

Question 79

1 / 1 pts

The Wilmot Proviso:

 was clearly unconstitutional  

 would extend the Missouri Compromise line to the Pacific  

 would prohibit slavery in any lands acquired from Mexico  

 was opposed in Congress by Abraham Lincoln  

 passed both houses of Congress  

Question 80

1 / 1 pts

The idea of popular sovereignty:

 would allow people in the territories to decide whether or not to permit slavery  

 solved the controversy over slavery’s extension  

 allowed Oregon to enter the Union as a slave state  

 guaranteed slavery would spread westward  

 was adopted by the Whigs in the 1848 election  

Question 81

1 / 1 pts

How did passage of the Kansas-Nebraska Act impact the settlement of Kansas?

 It ensured that Kansas would be admitted into the Union as a free state with a population deeply committed to abolition.  

 It made Kansas a slave state with a majority population of slaveholders.  

 The vagaries left about the status of slavery discouraged settlement.  

 This is a trick question. The act had no impact on settlement of Kansas.  

 Popular sovereignty encouraged violence-prone supporters and opponents of slavery to flood Kansas.  

Question 82

1 / 1 pts

The Supreme Court’s Dred Scott decision:

 guaranteed the future admission of slave states  

 recognized that free blacks were U.S. citizens  

 was applauded by the Republicans  

 implied that the Missouri Compromise had been unconstitutional  

 gave Dred Scott his freedom  

Question 83

1 / 1 pts

Abraham Lincoln:

 was born in 1810  

 would abolish slavery wherever it existed  

 supported black equality  

 was a military hero  

 opposed the further spread of slavery  

Question 84

1 / 1 pts

Lincoln won the election of 1860 by:

 massive voter fraud  

 appealing to fear  

 sweeping the free states  

 changing his position on slavery  

 carrying the biggest states in both North and South  

Question 85

1 / 1 pts

The argument that the Civil War began primarily as a southern fight to defend liberty and the right of self-government is unsatisfactory because:

 southerners never claimed to be concerned with liberty and self-government  

 the Confederacy envisioned a dictatorship as the ideal government  

 it ignores the actual reason—slavery—southern leaders used in 1860–1861 to justify secession and war.  

 the South established a monarchy after secession  

 the Union already claimed to be fighting to defend liberty and self-government  

Question 86

1 / 1 pts

Congress did all of the following during the war EXCEPT:

 approve a transcontinental railroad  

 ban foreign immigration  

 raise tariff rates  

 establish state colleges teaching “agriculture and mechanic arts”  

 pass a Homestead Act  

Question 87

1 / 1 pts

How did the Emancipation Proclamation change the nature of the Civil War?

 It prompted the Confederacy to surrender.  

 It freed all the slaves, including those in the border states that remained loyal to the Union.  

 It put the momentum squarely on the side of the Confederacy.  

 It transformed the Civil War from a war to restore the Union to a struggle over slavery.  

 It caused the remaining border states to leave the Union and join the Confederacy.  

Question 88

1 / 1 pts

Slavery was ultimately eradicated by:

 the Emancipation Proclamation  

 the Thirteenth Amendment  

 divine intervention  

 an act of Congress  

 Lee’s surrender  

Question 89

1 / 1 pts

More than any other general, William T. Sherman recognized:

 that the South would never unconditionally surrender  

 the greatness of the Confederate army  

 the need to march through Georgia with respect for the Confederacy  

 the connection between the South’s economy, its morale, and its ability to wage war  

 the need to kill masses of enemy civilians  

Question 90

1 / 1 pts

At Appomattox Court House:

 Joseph Johnston led his last attack against Sherman  

 Lee surrendered to Grant  

 the last battle of the war took place  

 the Confederates shifted to guerrilla warfare  

 Jefferson Davis was captured