Question 1.  Sally proposes the idea that one’s sexual history prior to marriage may be linked to whether one ends up getting divorced. This best represents which step of the scientific method?

• Testing the hypothesis
• Observing events
• Forming a hypothesis
• Formulating a theory

Question 2.  As part of a psychology experiment, Brett decides to measure a person’s “anxiety” by noting the number of blinks a person makes in a 20-minute social interaction with a stranger. Brett appears to have offered a(n) _____ of anxiety.

• variable
• operational definition
• theory
• hypothesis

Question 3.  Phineas Gage tragically had a tamping iron propelled through his head. Both left and right sides of the prefrontal cortex were severely damaged. As a result of the accident, Phineas Gage

• died from his injuries.
• suffered loss of his arms and legs.
• lost his sense of hearing.
• suffered a change in personality.

Question 4.   What do we call the state of a neuron when it is not firing a neural impulse?

• Action potential
• Resting potential
• Myelination signal
• Transmission impulse
•  

Question 5.  _____ are holes in the surface of the dendrites, or certain cells of the muscles and glands that are shaped to fit only certain neurotransmitters.

• Neurotransmitters
• Axons
• Synaptic vesicles
• Receptor sites

Question 6.  Jamie, a toddler, is making distinctions about various aspects of color in terms of whether it looks red, blue, and so forth. In doing so, she is referring to its

• amplitude.
• lightness.
• hue.
• reflection.

Question 7.  What are the five primary tastes?

• Hot, sour, spicy, sweet, origami
• Salty, sour, spicy, sweet, tart
• Bitter, salty, sour, sweet, umami
• Peppery, salty, sour, sweet, acidic

Question 8.  Dizziness, nausea, and disorientation may result if the information from the eyes conflicts a little too much with that from the vestibular organs, according to the _____ of motion sickness.

• sensory conflict theory
• motor conflict theory
• vestibular conflict theory
• semicircular canal conflict theory

Question 9.  Sid is taking part in research on the effects of sleep deprivation; he has been without sleep for 75 hours. Right now, researchers have asked him to sit in front of a computer screen and hit a button each time he sees the letter S on the screen. A few days ago, Sid was a whiz at this task; however, he is doing very poorly today. How are sleep researchers likely to explain Sid’s poor performance?

• Due to the sleep deprivation, Sid does not understand the task.
• Microsleeps are occurring due to the sleep deprivation and he is asleep for brief periods of time.
• He is determined to ruin the research because of the suffering he is enduring at the hands of the researchers.
• He is probably dreaming that he is somewhere else and has no interest in responding to the “here and now.”

Question 10.  You are telling a joke to your friend, who is laughing uproariously and then suddenly collapses to the floor. You are not surprised to later learn that he has a sleep disorder known as ¬¬¬

• enuresis.
• narcolepsy.
• sleep terror.
• daytime insomnia.

Question 11.  How does the activation-synthesis hypothesis explain dreaming?

• the surfacing of repressed sexual urges
• biological attempts to make recent memories more permanent
• the cortex making sense of signals from the brain stem
• the use of elaborate symbolism to disguise “unthinkable” topics

Question 12.  A child learns that whenever he eats all of his dinner, he gets a cookie for dessert. This type of learning is BEST explained by

• classical conditioning.
• operant conditioning.
• biofeedback theory.
• social learning theory.

Question 13. John has been working on a math problem late at night without success; he falls asleep. Upon awakening, John suddenly realizes how to answer the problem. This best illustrates which of the following?

• Observational learning
• Latent learning
• Insight learning
• Cognitive learning